Information On close-up

Image:close up face.jpg In film television photography and the comic strip medium a close-up tightly Film frame a person or an object. Close-ups are one of the standard shots used regularly with medium shots and long shots. Close-ups display the most detail, but they do not include the broader scene. Moving in to a close-up or away from a close-up is a common type of zooming Close-ups are used in many ways, for many reasons. Close-ups are often used as cutaway (film) from a more distant shot to show detail, such as characters emotion , or some intricate activity with their hands. Close cuts to characters faces are used far more often in television than in film ; they are especially common in soap opera . For a director to deliberately avoid close-ups may create in the audience an emotional distance from the subject matter. Close-ups are used for distinguishing main characters. Major characters are often given a close-up when they are introduced as a way of indicating their importance. Leading characters will have multiple close-ups. There is a long-standing stereotype of insecure actors desiring a close-up at every opportunity and counting the number of close-ups they received. An example of this stereotype occurs when the character Norma Desmond in [[Sunset Boulevard (1950 film)|Sunset Boulevard]] announces "All right, Mr. DeMille Im ready for my close-up" as she is taken into police custody in the films finale. Image:Puppy Up Close.jpg Close-up shots do not show the subject in the broad context of its surroundings. If overused, close-ups may leave viewers uncertain as to what they are seeing. Close-ups are rarely done with wide angle lenses, because perspective causes objects in the center of the picture to be unnaturally enlarged. Certain times, different directors will use wide angle lenses, because they can convey the message of confusion, and bring life to certain characters.

Types of close-up

There are various degrees of close-up depending on how tight (zoomed in) the shot is. The terminology varies between countries and even different companies, but in general these are: * Medium Close Up ("MCU" on camera scripts): Half-way between a mid shot and a close-up. Usually covers the subjects head and shoulders. * Close Up ("CU"): A certain feature, such as someones head, takes up the whole frame. * Extreme Close Up ("ECU" or "XCU"): The shot is so tight that only a fraction of the focus of attention, such as someones eyes, can be seen. * Lean-In: when the juxtaposition of shots in a sequence, usually in a scene of dialogue, starts with medium or long shots, for example, and ends with close-ups. * Lean-Out: the opposite as a lean-in moving from close-ups out to longer shots. * Lean: when a lean-inis followed by a lean-out When the close-up is used in shooting, the focused on should not be put in the exactly middle of the frame. Instead, it should be located in the frame according to the law of golden section.

The history of the close-up

Image:Lonedale2 099.jpg s The Lonedale Operator(1911).]] The earliest filmmakers — such as Thomas Edison Auguste and Louis Lumière and Georges Méliès — tended not to use close-ups and preferred to frame their subjects in long shots. Film historians disagree as to which filmmaker first used a close-up, but D.W. Griffith used the shot extensively at an early date. For example, one of Griffiths short films, [[The Lonedale Operator]](1911), makes significant use of a close-up of a wrench that a character pretends is a gun. Close-ups may be more expensive than other shots due to the extra lighting and make-up needed.

Information On close-up

Types of close-up

The history of the close-up

References

See also

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