Information On New York

lt;/ref>
Ever upward |Demonym New Yorker |OfficialLang None |Map Map_of_USA_NY.svg |Capital Albany, New York |LargestCity New York City |LargestMetro New York metropolitan area |AreaRank 27^th |TotalAreaUS 54,555 |TotalArea 141,299 |WidthUS 285 |Width 455 |LengthUS 330 |Length 530 |PCWater 13.3 |Latitude 40° 30′ N to 45° 1′ N |Longitude 71° 51′ W to 79° 46′ W |2000Pop 19,541,453 (2009 est.)lt;/ref>
18,976,457 (2000) |PopRank 3^rd |2000DensityUS 408.7 |2000Density 157.81 |DensityRank 7^th |HighestPoint Mount Marcy lt;ref nameusgs>lt;/ref> |HighestElevUS 5,344 |HighestElev 1,629 |MeanElevUS 1,000 |MeanElev 305 |LowestElevUS 0 |LowestElev 0 |AdmittanceDate July 26, 1788 |AdmittanceOrder 11^th |Governor David Paterson (Democratic Party (United States) |Lieutenant Governor Richard Ravitch (Democratic Party (United States) lt;/ref> |Legislature New York Legislature |Upperhouse New York State Senate |Lowerhouse New York State Assembly |Senators Charles Schumer (D)
Kirsten Gillibrand (D) |Representative 27 Democrats,
2 Republicans |TimeZone Eastern Standard Time Zone Coordinated Universal Time 5/Daylight saving time |PostalAbbreviation NY |ISOCode US-NY |Website www.ny.gov }} New York ( locally or is a U.S. state in the Northeastern United States region of the United States It is the nations List of U.S. states by population state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island as well as an Canada – United States border with the Canada provinces of Ontario to the north and west, and Quebec to the north. New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City New York City, the most populous city in the United States, is known for its status as a financial, cultural, transportation, and manufacturing center, and for its history as a Ellis Island to the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, it is also a destination of choice for many foreign visitors. Both state and city were named for the 17th century Duke of York James Stuart, future James II of England of England and Scotland New York was inhabited by the Algonquin Iroquois and Lenape Native Americans in the United States groups at the time Netherlands settlers moved into the region in the early 17th century. In 1609, the region was first claimed by Henry Hudson for the Dutch. Fort Nassau (North River) was built near the site of the present-day Capital (political) of Albany, New York in 1614. The Dutch soon also settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson River Valley establishing the colony of New Netherland The Kingdom of Great Britain took over the colony by annexation in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York were roughly similar to those of the present-day state. About one third of all the battles of the American Revolutionary War took place in New York. New York became an independent state on July 9, 1776, and enacted its New York State Constitutions in 1777. The state ratified the United States Constitution on July 26, 1788 to become the eleventh state of the union.

Geography

New York covers and ranks as the 27th largest state by size.lt;/ref> The Great Appalachian Valley dominates eastern New York, while Lake Champlain is the chief northern feature of the valley, which also includes the Hudson River flowing southward to the Atlantic Ocean The rugged Adirondack Mountains with vast tracts of wilderness, lie west of the valley. Most of the southern part of the state is on the Allegheny Plateau which rises from the southeast to the Catskill Mountains The western section of the state is drained by the Allegheny River and rivers of the Susquehanna River and Delaware River systems. The Delaware River Basin Compact, signed in 1961 by New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and the federal government, regulates the utilization of water of the Delaware system. The highest elevation in New York is Mount Marcy in the Adirondacks. New Yorks borders touch (clockwise from the west) two Great Lakes (Lake Erie and Lake Ontario which are connected by the Niagara River ; the provinces of Ontario and Quebec in Canada; Lake Champlain three New England states (Vermont Massachusetts and Connecticut ; the Atlantic Ocean and two Mid-Atlantic States New Jersey and Pennsylvania In addition, Rhode Island shares a water border with New York. New York is the only state that touches both the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. In contrast with New York City s urban atmosphere, the vast majority of the state is dominated by farms, forests, rivers, mountains, and lakes. New Yorks Adirondack Park is the largest state park in the United States. It is larger than the Yellowstone, Yosemite, Grand Canyon, Glacier and Olympic National Parks combined.http://www.apa.state.ny.us/About_Park/index.html About the Adirondack Park], Adirondack Park Agency. Retrieved July 1, 2009. New York established the first state park in the United States at Niagara Falls in 1885. Niagara Falls on the Niagara River as it flows from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, is a popular attraction. The Hudson River begins at Lake Tear of the Clouds and flows south through the eastern part of the state without draining Lakes Lake George (New York) or Lake Champlain Lake George empties at its north end into Lake Champlain, whose northern end extends into Canada, where it drains into the Richelieu River and then the St. Lawrence River Rivers. Four of New York Citys five boroughs are on three islands at the mouth of the Hudson River: Manhattan Island Staten Island, New York and Long Island, New York which contains Brooklyn and Queens on its western end. Upstate New York and Downstate New York are often used informally to distinguish New York City or its greater metropolitan area from the rest of New York state. The placement of a boundary between the two is a matter of great contention.lt;/ref> Unofficial and loosely defined regions of Upstate New York include the Southern Tier which often includes the counties along the border with Pennsylvania,lt;/ref> and the North Country, New York which can mean anything from the strip along the Canadian border to everything north of the Mohawk River.lt;/ref>

Climate

File:LakeEffectSnowBuffalo101206.gif is a major contributor to snowfall totals in western New York.]] In general, New York has a humid continental climate though under the Köppen climate classification New York City has a humid subtropical climate lt;/ref> Weather in New York is heavily influenced by two continental air masses: a warm, humid one from the southwest and a cold, dry one from the northwest. The winters are long and cold in the Plateau Divisions of the state. In the majority of winter seasons, a temperature of or lower can be expected in the northern highlands (Northern Plateau) and or colder in the southwestern and east-central highlands (Southern Plateau). The summer climate is cool in the Adirondacks, Catskills and higher elevations of the Southern Plateau. The New York City/Long Island area and lower portions of the Hudson Valley have rather warm summers by comparison, with some periods of high, uncomfortable humidity. The remainder of New York State enjoys pleasantly warm summers, marred by only occasional, brief intervals of sultry conditions. Summer daytime temperatures usually range from the upper 70s to mid 80s °F (25 to 30 °C), over much of the state. New York ranks 46th among the 50 states in the amount of greenhouse gas s generated per person. This efficiency is primarily due to the states higher rate of Public transport use.lt;/ref>

| class"wikitable" "text-align:center;font-size:90%;"| |+ Monthly Normal High and Low Temperatures For Various New York Cities lt;ref>lt;/ref> |- |+ ([[Fahrenheit]]) |- ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000; height:17px;"| City ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;"| ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"January"| Jan ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"February"| Feb ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"March"| Mar ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"April"| Apr ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"May"| May ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"June"| Jun ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"July"| Jul ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"August"| Aug ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"September"| Sep ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"October"| Oct ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"November"| Nov ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"December"| Dec |- ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000; height:16px;"| Albany, New York ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;"|max
min | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"| 31
13 | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"| 34
16 | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"| 44
25 | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"| 57
36 | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"| 70
46 | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"| 78
55 | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"| 82
60 | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"| 80
58 | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"| 71
50 | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"| 60
39 | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"| 48
31 | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"| 36
20 |- ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000; height:16px;"| Binghamton, New York ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;"|max
min | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 28
15 | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 31
17 | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 41
25 | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 53
35 | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 66
46 | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 73
54 | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 78
59 | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 76
57 | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 68
50 | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 57
40 | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 44
31 | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 33
21 |- ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000; height:16px;"| Buffalo, New York ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;"|max
min | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"| 31
18 | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"| 33
19 | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"| 42
26 | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"| 54
36 | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"| 66
48 | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"| 75
57 | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"| 80
62 | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"| 78
60 | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"| 70
53 | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"| 59
43 | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"| 47
34 | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"| 36
24 |- ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000; height:16px;"| Long Beach, New York ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;"|max
min | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"| 39
23 | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"| 40
24 | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"| 48
31 | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"| 58
40 | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"| 69
49 | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"| 77
60 | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"| 83
66 | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"| 82
64 | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"| 75
57 | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"| 64
45 | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"| 54
36 | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"| 44
28 |- ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000; height:16px;"| New York City ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;"|max
min | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"| 38
26 | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"| 41
28 | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"| 50
35 | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"| 61
44 | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"| 71
54 | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"| 79
63 | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"| 84
69 | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"| 82
68 | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"| 75
60 | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"| 64
50 | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"| 53
41 | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"| 43
32 |- ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000; height:16px;"| Rochester, New York ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;"|max
min | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"| 31
17 | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"| 33
17 | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"| 43
25 | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"| 55
35 | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"| 68
46 | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"| 77
55 | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"| 81
60 | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"| 79
59 | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"| 71
51 | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"| 60
41 | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"| 47
33 | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"| 36
23 |- ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000; height:16px;"| Syracuse, New York ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;"|max
min | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"| 31
14 | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"| 34
16 | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"| 43
24 | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"| 56
35 | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"| 68
46 | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"| 77
55 | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"| 82
60 | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"| 80
59 | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"| 71
51 | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"| 60
40 | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"| 47
32 | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"| 36
21 |} | class"wikitable" "text-align:center;font-size:90%;"| |+ Monthly Normal High and Low Temperatures For Various New York Cities |- |+ ([[Celsius]]) |- ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000; height:17px;"| City ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;"| ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"January"| Jan ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"February"| Feb ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"March"| Mar ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"April"| Apr ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"May"| May ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"June"| Jun ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"July"| Jul ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"August"| Aug ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"September"| Sep ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"October"| Oct ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"November"| Nov ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;" abbr"December"| Dec |- ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000; height:16px;"| Albany, New York ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;"|max
min | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#555fff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> |- ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000; height:16px;"| Binghamton, New York ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;"|max
min | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"|lt;br /> |- ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000; height:16px;"| Buffalo, New York ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;"|max
min | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#0ff; color:#000;"|lt;br /> |- ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000; height:16px;"| Long Beach, New York ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;"|max
min | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#2a8000; color:#000;"|lt;br /> |- ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000; height:16px;"| New York City ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;"|max
min | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#e34234; color:#000;"|lt;br /> |- ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000; height:16px;"| Rochester, New York ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;"|max
min | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#bbb222; color:#000;"|lt;br /> |- ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000; height:16px;"| Syracuse, New York ! style"background:#f0f8ff; color:#000;"|max
min | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"|lt;br /> | style"text-align:center; background:#cd7f32; color:#000;"|lt;br /> |- | colspan"14" style"text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#E8EAFA;"|Converted from Fahrenheit data (above) |}

State parks

File:Adirondack and Catskill Parks Locator.svg and Catskill Park ]] New York has many state parks and two major forest preserves. Adirondack Park roughly the size of the state of Vermont and the largest state park in the United States, was established in 1892 and given state constitutional protection to remain "forever wild" in 1894. The thinking that led to the creation of the Park first appeared in George Perkins Marsh s [[Man and Nature]] published in 1864. Marsh argued that deforestation could lead to desertification; referring to the clearing of once-lush lands surrounding the Mediterranean, he asserted "the operation of causes set in action by man has brought the face of the earth to a desolation almost as complete as that of the moon." The Catskill Park was protected in legislation passed in 1885,lt;/ref> which declared that its land was to be conserved and never put up for sale or lease. Consisting of of land, the park is a habitat for bobcats, minks and fishers. There are some 400 black bears living in the region. The state operates numerous campgrounds and there are over of multi-use trails in the Park. The Montauk Point State Park boasts the 1797 Montauk Lighthouse commissioned under President of the United States George Washington which is a major tourist attraction on the easternmost tip of Long Island Hither Hills State Park park offers camping and is a popular destination with surfcasting sport fishermen.

History

File:NewYork1777MapRestoredSmall.png

17th century

See also Province of New York lt;br /> During the 17th century, Dutch trading post established for the trade of pelts from the Lenape Iroquois and other indigenous people expanded into the colony of New Netherland The first of these trading posts were Fort Nassau (North) (1614, near present-day Albany, New York ; Fort Orange (1624, on the Hudson River just south of the current city of Albany and created to replace Fort Nassau (North River) , developing into settlement Beverwijck (1647), and into what became Albany; Fort Amsterdam (1625, to develop into the town New Amsterdam which is present-day New York City ; and Esopus, (1653, now Kingston, New York . The success of the patroonship of Rensselaerswyck (1630), which surrounded Albany and lasted until the mid 19th century, was also a key factor in the early success of the colony. The British captured the colony during the Second Anglo-Dutch War and governed it as the Province of New York

American Revolution

The Sons of Liberty were organized in New York City during the 1760s, largely in response to the oppressive Stamp Act passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1765. The Stamp Act Congress met in the city on October 19 of that year: a gathering of representatives from across the Thirteen Colonies that set the stage for the Continental Congress to follow. The Stamp Act Congress resulted in the Declaration of Rights and Grievances which was the first written expression by representatives of the Americans of many of the rights and complaints later expressed in the United States Declaration of Independence including the right to No taxation without representation The Capture of Fort Ticonderoga provided the Fortification of Dorchester Heights necessary to force a Kingdom of Great Britain withdrawal from the Siege of Boston in 1775. New York endorsed the United States Declaration of Independence on July 9, 1776.lt;/ref> The New York state constitution was framed by a Constitutional convention (political meeting) which assembled at White Plains, New York on July 10, 1776, and after repeated adjournments and changes of location, terminated its labors at Kingston, New York on Sunday evening, April 20, 1777, when the Constitution of New York, 1777 drafted by John Jay was adopted with but one dissenting vote. It was not submitted to the people for ratification. On July 30, 1777, George Clinton (vice president) was inaugurated as the first Governor of New York at Kingston. The first major battle of the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared – and the largest battle of the entire war – was fought in New York at the Battle of Long Island (a.k.a Battle of Brooklyn in August of 1776. British victory made New York City their military and political base of operations in North America for the duration of the conflict, and consequently the center of attention for General George Washington s Intelligence operations in the American Revolutionary War The notorious British prison ships of Wallabout Bay saw more American combatants HMS Jersey (1736) than were killed in combat in every battle of the war, combined. The first of two major British armies were captured by the Continental Army at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, influencing France to ally with the revolutionaries. In an attempt to retain their sovereignty and remain an independent nation positioned between the new United States and British North America, four of the Iroquois nations fought on the side of the British; only the Oneidas and their dependents the Tuscaroras allied themselves to the Americans.lt;/ref> The Sullivan Expedition of 1778 and 1779 destroyed nearly 50 Iroquois villages and adjacent croplands, forcing many refugees to British-held Niagara.lt;/ref> As allies of the British, the Iroquois were resettled in Canada after the war. In the treaty settlement, the British ceded most Indian lands to the new United States. Because New York made treaty with the Iroquois without getting Congressional approval, some of the land purchases are the subject of modern-day claims by the individual tribes. More than 5 million acres of former Iroquois territory was put up for sale in the years after the Revolutionary War, leading to rapid development in upstate New York.Chen, David W. Battle Over Iroquois Land Claims Escalateshttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res9806E2DF1E3BF935A25756C0A9669C8B63&sec&spon&pagewanted3] The New York Times. May 16, 2000. . Retrieved April 11, 2008. As per the Treaty of Paris (1783) the last vestige of British authority in the former Thirteen Colonies – their troops in New York City – departed in 1783, which was long afterwards celebrated as Evacuation Day (New York) lt;/ref> Following heated debate, which included the publication of the now quintessential constitutional interpretation - the Federalist Papers - as a series of installments in New York City newspapers, New York was the 11th state to ratify the United States Constitution on July 26, 1788.lt;/ref>

19th century

File:BaldwinsvilleLock24.jpg led to rapid industrialization in New York.]] Transportation in western New York was difficult before canals were built in the early part of the nineteenth century. The Hudson River and Mohawk River Rivers could be navigated only as far as Central New York. While the St. Lawrence River could be navigated to Lake Ontario the way westward to the other Great Lakes was blocked by Niagara Falls and so the only route to western New York was over land. Governor DeWitt Clinton strongly advocated building a canal to connect the Hudson River with Lake Erie and thus all the Great Lakes Work commenced in 1817, and the Erie Canal was finished in 1825. It was considered an engineering marvel. Packet boats traveled up and down the canal with sightseers and visitors on board.lt;/ref> The canal opened up vast areas of New York to commerce and settlement. It enabled Great Lakes port cities such as Buffalo, New York and Rochester, New York to grow and prosper. It also connected the burgeoning agricultural production of the Midwest and shipping on the Great Lakes, with the port of New York City. Improving transportation, it enabled additional population migration to territories west of New York.

Ellis Island

File:Ellis Island immigration footage.ogg ] File:Ellis Island in 1905.jpg in 1905]] Ellis Island was the main facility for immigrants entering the United States in the late 19th Century to the mid 20th Century. The facility operated from January 1, 1892, until November 12, 1954. It is owned by the Federal government and is now part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service It is situated in New York Harbor between two states and cities, Jersey City, New Jersey New Jersey and New York City New York. More than 12 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island between 1892 and 1954. After 1924, when the National Origins Act was passed, the only immigrants to pass through there were displaced persons or war refugees.The Brown Quarterly http://brownvboard.org/brwnqurt/04-1/04-1a.htm Volume 4, No. 1 (Fall 2000) – Ellis Island/Immigration Issue] Today, over 100 million Americans can trace their ancestry to the immigrants, who first arrived in America through the island, before dispersing to points all over the country. Ellis Island was the subject of a border dispute between New York State and New Jersey.

Statue of Liberty

File:Statue of Liberty, NY.jpg ] The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France to the United States to mark the Centennial of the American Declaration of Independence. The idea of giving a colossal representation of republican virtues to a "sister" republic, across the sea, served as a focus for the republican cause against other politicians. The Statue of Liberty was dedicated in New York Harbor on October 28, 1886. Liberty Island closed on September 11, 2001 attacks the island reopened in December, the monument reopened on August 3, 2004, but the statue remained closed until the summer of 2009. The National Park Service claims that the statue is not shut because of a terrorist threat, but principally because of a long list of fire regulation contraventions, including inadequate evacuation procedures. The museum and ten-story pedestal are open for visitors, but are only accessible if visitors have a "Monument Access Pass", which is a reservation that visitors must make in advance of their visit and pick up before boarding the ferry. There are a maximum of 3000 passes available each day, with a total of 15,000 visitors to the island daily. The interior of the statue remains closed, although a glass ceiling in the pedestal allows for views of Gustave Eiffel s iron framework of Lady Liberty.

Demographics

|style"float:right; clear:left;" | | |} lt;!-- Necessary when zoom way out to small font sizes -->

Population

File:New York Population Map.png As of 2006, New York was the third largest state in population after California and Texas,lt;/ref> with an estimated population of 19,541,453 as of July 1, 2009. This represents an increase of 513,481, or 2.7%, since the last census in 2000.lt;/ref> It includes a natural increase since the last census of 803,680 people (that is 2,072,765 births minus 1,269,085 deaths) and a decrease due to net migration of 698,895 people out of the state. Immigration to the United States from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 876,969 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 1,575,864 people. In spite of the open land in the state, New Yorks population is very urban, with 92% of residents living in an urban area.http://www.ers.usda.gov/StateFacts/NY.htm New York Fact Sheet: NY agriculture income population food education employment farms top commodities exports counties financial indicators poverty organic farming farm income America USDA] New York is a slow growing state with a large rate of domestic migration to other states. In 2000 and 2005, more people moved from New York to Florida than from any one state to another.lt;/ref> However, New York state is one of the leading destinations for international immigration and thus has the second largest immigrant population in the country (after California) at 4.2 million as of 2008. Although Upstate New York receives considerable immigration, most of the states immigrants settle in and around New York City, due to its more vibrant economy and cosmopolitan culture. The center of population of New York is located in Orange County, New York in the town of Deerpark, New York lt;/ref> New York City and its eight suburban counties (excluding those in New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania) have a combined population of 13,209,006 people, or 68.42% of the states population.lt;/ref>

Racial and ancestral makeup

File:Ancestry-new-york-by county-2000.PNG The major ancestry groups in New York state are United States (15.8%), Italian-American (14.4%), Irish-American (12.9%), and German-American (11.1%).http://awesomeamerica.com/newyork/ Awesome America: New York]. RetrieveAugust d 18, 2007. According to a 2004 estimate, 20.4% of the population is foreign-born. New York is home to the List of U.S. states by African-American population population and the List of U.S. states by Asian American population population in the United States. In addition it is home to the largest Puerto Rican people Dominican American and Jamaican American populations in the continental United States. The New York City neighborhood of Harlem has historically been a major cultural capital for African-Americans of sub-Saharan descent, and Bedford Stuyvesant is the largest such population in the United States. Queens also in New York City, is home to the states largest Asian-American population, and is also the most diverse county in the United States. The second concentration of Asian-Americans is in Manhattans Chinatown. Queens is home to the largest Andes population (Colombian American Ecuadorian American Peruvian American and Bolivian American population in The United States of America. In the 2000 Census, Italian Americans made up the largest ancestral group in Staten Island and Long Island, followed by Irish Americans Albany and southeast-central New York also have populations with many of Irish-American and Italian-American descent. In Buffalo and western New York, German Americans are the largest group; in the northern tip of the state, French Canadians are. New York State has a higher number of Italian Americans than any other U.S. state. 6.5% of New Yorks population were under 5 years of age, 24.7% under 18, and 12.9% were 65 or older. Females made up 51.8% of the population. According to the 2000 U.S. Census 13.61% of the population aged 5 and over speak Spanish language at home, while 2.04% speak Chinese language (including Yue Chinese and Mandarin Chinese , 1.65% Italian language and 1.23% Russian language lt;/ref>

Religion

Roman Catholicism in the United States comprise more than 40% of the population in New York.lt;/ref> Protestant Reformation are 30% of the population, Judaism 8.4%, Muslim 3.5%, Buddhism 1%, and 13% claim no religious affiliation. The largest Protestant denominations are the United Methodist Church with 403,362; the American Baptist Churches USA with 203,297; and the Episcopal Church (United States) with 201,797 adherents.http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/36_2000.asp The Association of Religion Data Archives | Maps & Reports]

Cities and towns

Maps and lists of cities, towns, and counties in New York can be found below:

| class"wikitable" | * List of cities in New York * List of towns in New York * List of villages in New York * List of counties in New York * List of census-designated places in New York * Administrative divisions of New York |}

New York State includes nine major regions:

| class"wikitable" | * North Country New York * Central New York * Finger Lakes * Western New York * Southern Tier * Capital District * Hudson Valley * New York City * Long Island (Southeast New York) |}

The largest city in the state and the most populous city in the United States is New York City which comprises five counties, the Bronx, New York (Manhattan), Queens, Kings (Brooklyn), and Richmond (Staten Island). New York City is home to more than two-fifths of the states population. The following are the ten largest cities in New York:lt;ref>http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108252.html New York: History, Geography, Population, and State Facts — Infoplease.com]

| class"wikitable" | # New York City (8,274,527) # Buffalo, New York (279,745) # Rochester, New York (211,091) # Yonkers, New York (196,425) # Syracuse, New York (141,683) # Albany, New York (93,523) # New Rochelle, New York (72,967) # Mount Vernon, New York (67,924) # Schenectady, New York (61,280) # Utica, New York (59,336) |}

The location of these cities within the state stays remarkably true to the major transportation and trade route in the early nineteenth century, primarily the Erie Canal and railroads paralleling it. Today, Interstate 90 in New York acts as a modern counterpart to commercial water routes. Grouped by [[metropolitan statistical area]],lt;ref>lt;/ref> the following are the twelve largest population centers in the state are:

| class"wikitable" | # New York metropolitan area (18,815,988 in NY/New Jersey Pennsylvania 12,381,586 in NY) # Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY MSA (1,128,183) # Rochester, NY MSA (1,030,495) # Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY MSA (853,358) # Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown, NY MSA (669,915) # Syracuse, NY MSA (645,293) # Utica-Rome, NY MSA (294,862) # Binghamton, NY MSA (246,426) # Kingston, NY MSA (181,860) # Glens Falls, NY MSA (128,886) # Ithaca, NY MSA (101,055) # Elmira, NY MSA (88,015) |}

The smallest city is Sherrill, New York located just west of the Vernon (town), New York in Oneida County, New York Albany, New York is the state capital, and the Town of Hempstead, New York is the civil township with the largest population. If it were a city, it would be the second largest in the state with over 700,000 residents. The southern tip of New York State—Geography and environment of New York City its suburbs including Long Island the southern portion of the Hudson Valley, and most of northern New Jersey can be considered to form the central core of the Northeast megalopolis , a super-city stretching from the northern suburbs of Boston, Massachusetts south to the Virginia suburbs of Washington D.C.

Economy

File:New York quarter, reverse side, 2001.jpg File:NYC NYSE.jpg the largest stock exchange in the world]] File:LineartPresRev.png File:ChryslerBuildingMidtownManhattanNewYorkCity.jpg in New York City the largest central business district in the United States]] File:BrunswickAutumn.JPG in Brunswick, New York ] New Yorks gross state product in 2007 was $1.1 trillion, ranking third in size behind the larger states of California and Texas.lt;/ref> If New York were an independent nation, it would rank as the 16th largest economy in the world behind Turkey Its 2007 List of U.S. states by GDP per capita (nominal) was $46,364, placing it sixth in the nation behind Maryland, and eighth in the world behind Republic of Ireland New Yorks agriculture outputs are dairy products, cattle and other livestock vegetable , Nursery (horticulture) stock, and apples Its industrial outputs are printing and publishing scientific instruments, electric equipment, machinery chemical products, and tourism A recent review by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities found 13 states, including several of the nations largest, face budget shortfalls for FY2009. New York faces a deficit that could be as large as $4.3 billion.http://www.cbpp.org/12-18-07sfp.htm 13 States Face Total Budget Shortfall of at Least $23 Billion in 2009; 11 Others Expect Budget Problems, 12/18/07], Center on Budget and Policy Priorities New York exports a wide variety of goods such as foodstuffs, commodities, minerals, computers and electronics, cut diamonds, and automobile parts. In 2007, the state exported a total of $71.1 billion worth of goods, with the five largest foreign export markets being Canada ($15 billion), United Kingdom ($6 billion), Switzerland ($5.9 billion), Israel ($4.9 billion), and Hong Kong ($3.4 billion). New Yorks largest imports are oil, gold, aluminum, natural gas, electricity, rough diamonds, and lumber. Canada is a very important economic partner for the state. 21% of the states total worldwide exports went to Canada in 2007. Tourism from the north is also a large part of the economy. Canadians spent US$487 million in 2004 while visiting the state. New York City is the leading center of banking finance and mass media in the United States and is the location of the New York Stock Exchange the largest stock exchange in the world by dollar volume. Many of the worlds largest corporations are based in the city. The state also has a large manufacturing sector that includes printing and the production of garments, furs, railroad equipment and bus line vehicles. Many of these industries are concentrated in upstate regions. Albany and the Hudson Valley are major centers of nanotechnology and microchip manufacturing, while the Rochester, Monroe County, New York area is important in photographic equipment and imaging. New York is a major agricultural producer, ranking among the top five states for agricultural products such as dairy, apples, cherries, cabbage, potatoes, onions, maple syrup and many others. The state is the largest producer of cabbage in the U.S. The state has about a quarter of its land in farms and produced US$3.4 billion in agricultural products in 2001. The south shore of Lake Ontario provides the right mix of soil and microclimate for many apple, cherry, plum pear and peach orchard . Apples are also grown in the Hudson Valley and near Lake Champlain. New York is the nations third-largest grape-producing state, behind California, and second-largest wine producer by volume. The south shore of Lake Erie and the southern Finger Lakes hillsides have many vineyards. In addition, the North Fork, Suffolk County, New York of Long Island developed vineyards, production and visitors facilities in the last three decades of the 20th century. In 2004, New Yorks wine and grape industry brought US$6 billion into the state economy. The state has of vineyards, 212 wineries, and produced 200 million bottles of wine in 2004. A moderately sized saltwater commercial fishery is located along the Atlantic side of Long Island. The principal catches by value are clams, lobsters, squid, and flounder. These areas of the economy have been increasing as environmental protection has led to an increase in ocean wildlife. As of January 2010, the states unemployment rate was 8.8%.http://www.bls.gov/lau/ Bls.gov]; Local Area Unemployment Statistics

Transportation

| class"userboxes" style"float:left;" |- |File:NYS Thruway Sign.svg |} File:Thaddeus Kosciusko Bridge Albany Summer.jpg carries Interstate 87 over the Mohawk River ] File:NYCSub 7 Vernon Jackson 3.jpg serves more than 5 million rides on a given week day]] File:New York State current license plate from 2001.jpg New York has one of the most extensive and one of the oldest transportation infrastructures in the country. Engineering difficulties because of the terrain of the state and the unique issues of the city brought on by urban crowding have had to be overcome since the state was young. Population expansion of the state generally followed the path of the early waterways, first the Hudson River and then the Erie Canal Today, railroad lines and the New York State Thruway follow the same general route. The New York State Department of Transportation is often criticized for how they maintain the roads of the state in certain areas and for the fact that the tolls collected along the roadway have long passed their original purpose. Until 2006, tolls were collected on the Thruway within Buffalo, New York They were dropped late in 2006 during the campaign for Governor (both candidates called for their removal). In addition to New York Citys famous New York City Subway four suburban commuter railroad systems enter and leave the city: the Long Island Rail Road Metro-North Railroad Port Authority Trans-Hudson and five of New Jersey Transit Rail Operations Many other cities have urban and regional public transportation. In Buffalo, the Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority runs the Buffalo Metro Rail light-rail system; in Rochester, the Rochester Subway operated from 1927 until 1956 but has fallen into disuse. The New York State Department of Motor Vehicles (NYSDMV or DMV) is the governmental agency responsible for registering and inspecting automobiles and other motor vehicles as well as licensing drivers in the U.S. state of New York. As of 2008, the NYSDMV has 11,284,546 drivers licenses on filelt;/ref> and 10,697,644 vehicle registrations in force.lt;/ref> All gasoline powered vehicles registered in New York State must get an emissions inspection every 12 months. Diesel powered vehicles with a Gross Weight Rating over 8 500 lbs that are registered in the NY Metropolitan Area must get an annual emissions inspection. All vehicles registered in NYS must get an annual safety inspection. Portions of the transportation system are intermodal passenger transport allowing travelers to easily switch from one mode of transportation to another. One of the most notable examples is AirTrain JFK which allows rail passengers to travel directly to terminals at John F. Kennedy International Airport In May 2009 the New York City Department of Transportation under the control of Transportation Commissioner Janette Sadik-Khan banned cars from Times Square The move designed to reduce pollution and pedestrian accidents looks likely to be implemented permantly, and will last at least until the end of the year.lt;/ref>

Politics and government

File:NYSCapitolPanorama.jpg building in Albany, New York ]] Under its present New York State Constitutions (adopted in 1938), New York is governed by the same three branches that govern all fifty states of the United States: the Executive (government) consisting of the Governor of New York and the other independently elected constitutional officers; the legislative branch consisting of the bicameral New York State Legislature (New York Senate and New York State Assembly ; and the judicial branch consisting of the states highest court, the New York Court of Appeals and lower courts. The state has two U.S. senators, 29 members in the United States House of Representatives and 31 United States Electoral College in national presidential elections (a drop from its 47 votes during the 1940s). New Yorks capital is Albany, New York The states subordinate political units are its 62 county Other officially incorporated governmental units are Town (New York) City (New York) and Village (New York) New York has more than 4,200 local governments that take one of these forms. About 52% of all revenue raised by local governments in the state is raised solely by the government of New York City which is the largest municipal government in the United States, whereas New York City houses only 42% of the state population.lt;/ref> The state has a strong imbalance of payments with the federal government. New York State receives 82 cents in services for every $1 it sends in taxes to the federal government in Washington.lt;/ref> The state ranks near the bottom, in 42nd place, in federal spending per tax dollar.lt;/ref> Many of New Yorks public services are carried out by public benefit corporations frequently called authoritiesor development corporations Well known New York public benefit corporations include the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (New York) which oversees New York Citys public transportation system, and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey a bi-state transportation infrastructure agency. New Yorks legal system is explicitly based upon English common Law

Federal representation

As of the 2000 census and the redistricting for the 2002 elections, the state has New York's congressional districts in the United States House of Representatives and two U.S. senators. New York has 31 United States Electoral College in national presidential elections (a drop from its 47 votes during the 1940s). New York is represented by Chuck Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand in the United States Senate and has 29 representatives to the United States House of Representatives behind California s 53 congressional districts and Texas 32 congressional districts.

Capital punishment

Capital punishment in the United States was reintroduced in 1995 under the George Pataki#Death penalty but the statute was declared unconstitutional in 2004, when the New York Court of Appeals ruled in [[People v. LaValle]]that it violated the New York Constitution The remaining death sentence was commuted by the court to life imprisonment in 2007, in People v. John Taylor and the death row was disestablished in 2008, under executive order from David Paterson No execution has taken place in New York since 1963. Legislative efforts to amend the statute have failed, and death sentences are no longer sought at the state level, though certain crimes that fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government are subject to the Capital punishment by the United States federal government lt;/ref>lt;/ref>lt;/ref>

Politics

File:David Paterson 2 by David Shankbone (cropped).jpg United States Democratic Party is the current Governor of New York ]] In the last few decades, New York State has generally supported candidates belonging to the Democratic Party (United States) in national elections. Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama won New York State by 25 percentage points in 2008, a bigger margin than John Kerry in 2004. New York City is a major Democratic stronghold with liberal politics. Many of the states other urban areas, such as Albany, New York Buffalo, New York Rochester, New York and Syracuse, New York are also Democratic. Rural upstate New York, however, is generally more conservative than the cities and tends to favor Republican Party (United States) Heavily populated Suburban areas such as Westchester County and Long Island have swung between the major parties over the past 25 years, but more often than not support Democrats. New York City is the most important source of political fund-raising in the United States for both major parties. Four of the top five zip codes in the nation for political contributions are in Manhattan. The top zip code, 10021 on the Upper East Side generated the most money for the 2000 presidential campaigns of both George W. Bush and Al Gore lt;/ref>

Education

File:SUNYAdminBuildingAlbany.jpg of the State University of New York in Albany, New York ] The University of the State of New York oversees all public primary, middle-level, and secondary education in the state, while the New York City Department of Education manages the public school system in New York City. At the college level, the statewide public university system is the State University of New York (SUNY). The City University of New York (CUNY) is the public university system of New York City. The SUNY system consists of 64 community colleges, technical colleges, undergraduate colleges and universities. The four university centers are University at Albany Binghamton University University at Buffalo and SUNY Stony Brook In addition there are many notable private universities, including the oldest Catholic institution in the northeast, Fordham University New York is home to both Columbia University and Cornell University making it the only state to contain more than one Ivy League school. West Point the service academy of the U.S. Army is located just south of Newburgh (city), New York NY on the banks of the Hudson River During the 2007-2008 school year, New York spent more per pupil on public education than any other state.lt;/ref>

Sports

New York hosted the 1980 Winter Olympics at Lake Placid, New York the Games known for the USA-USSR hockey game dubbed the "Miracle on Ice in which a group of American college students and amateurs defeated the heavily favored Soviet national ice hockey team 4–3 and went on to win the gold medal against Finland Lake Placid also hosted the 1932 Winter Olympics Along with St. Moritz, Switzerland and Innsbruck, Austria it is one of the three places to have twice hosted the Winter Olympic Games. New York is the home of one National Football League team, the Buffalo Bills (based in the suburb of Orchard Park (town), New York . Although the New York Giants and New York Jets represent the New York metropolitan area and were previously located in New York City, they play in New Meadowlands Stadium located in East Rutherford, New Jersey New Jersey The Meadowlands stadium will host Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014. There has been much controversy over several proposals for a new New York Jets West Side Stadium The owners of the New York Jets were willing to split the $1.5 billion cost of building a new football stadium over Manhattans West Side rail yards, but the proposal never came to fruition. New York also has two Major League Baseball teams, the New York Yankees (based in the Bronx and the New York Mets (based in Queens . New York is home to three National Hockey League franchises: the New York Rangers in Manhattan the New York Islanders on Long Island and the Buffalo Sabres in Buffalo, New York New York has a National Basketball Association team, the New York Knicks in Manhattan. The former New York Nets from 1968 to 1977 is now titled as a New Jersey team; however, plans to relocate to New York City are in the works. There are a variety of minor league teams that can be found all through the state of New York, such as the Long Island Ducks |class"wikitable" |- !Club !Sport !League |- |Buffalo Bills |American football |National Football League |- |New York Red Bulls |Soccer |Major League Soccer |- |New York Knicks |Basketball |National Basketball Association |- |New York Liberty |Basketball |Women's National Basketball Association |- |Rochester Raging Rhinos |Soccer |USL First Division |- |Buffalo Sabres |Ice hockey |National Hockey League |- |New York Islanders |Ice Hockey |National Hockey League |- |New York Rangers |Ice Hockey |National Hockey League |- |Adirondack Phantoms |Ice Hockey |American Hockey League |- |Albany River Rats |Ice Hockey |American Hockey League |- |Binghamton Senators |Ice Hockey |American Hockey League |- |Elmira Jackals |Ice Hockey |ECHL |- |Rochester Americans |Ice Hockey |American Hockey League |- |Syracuse Crunch |Ice Hockey |American Hockey League |- |New York Mets |Baseball |Major League Baseball |- |New York Yankees |Baseball |Major League Baseball |- |Brooklyn Cyclones |Baseball |New York - Penn League |- |Staten Island Yankees |Baseball |New York – Penn League |- |Jamestown Jammers |Baseball |New York – Penn League |- |Batavia Muckdogs |Baseball |New York – Penn League |- |Auburn Doubledays |Baseball |New York – Penn League |- |Oneonta Tigers |Baseball |New York – Penn League |- |Tri-City Valley Cats |Baseball |New York – Penn League |- |Hudson Valley Renegades |Baseball |New York – Penn League |- |Binghamton Mets |Baseball |Eastern League (baseball) |- |Buffalo Bisons |Baseball |International League |- |Rochester Red Wings |Baseball |International League |- |Syracuse Chiefs |Baseball |International League |- |Long Island Ducks |Baseball |Atlantic League of Professional Baseball |- |New York Dragons |Arena football |Arena Football League (1987–2008) |- |Albany Conquest |Arena football |af2 |- |Long Island Lizards |Lacrosse |Major League Lacrosse |- |Rochester Rattlers |Lacrosse |Major League Lacrosse |- |Buffalo Bandits |Lacrosse |National Lacrosse League |- |Rochester Knighthawks |Lacrosse |National Lacrosse League |- |New York Titans (NLL) |Lacrosse |National Lacrosse League |- |Brooklyn Wonders |Basketball |American Basketball Association (21st century) |- |Buffalo Silverbacks |Basketball |American Basketball Association |- |Rochester Razorsharks |Basketball |American Basketball Association |- |Strong Island Sound |Basketball |American Basketball Association |- |Albany Patroons |Basketball |Continental Basketball Association |- |New York |Gaelic football |Gaelic Athletic Association |- |New York |hurling |Gaelic Athletic Association |}

References

}}

External links

General * Government * http://www.ny.gov/ State Government website] * http://www.ny.gov/governor/ Governor of New York State, David Paterson] * http://www.nysenate.gov/front New York State Senate] * http://assembly.state.ny.us/ New York State Assembly] * http://www.courts.state.ny.us/ New York State Unified Court System] * http://www.dos.state.ny.us/info/constitution.htm Constitution of New York] (or see File:Wikisource-logo.svg :wikisource:New York Constitution as of 2004 Tourism and recreation * * http://www.iloveny.com/ I ♥ New York] * http://nysparks.state.ny.us/ New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation] Culture and history * http://www.nysha.org/ New York State Historical Association] * http://www.oce.nysed.gov/ctl/index.htm New York State Cultural Education Center] * http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/newyork/ New York State Guide from the Library of Congress] Maps and Demographics * http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?StateNY USGS geographic resources of New York] * http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/ New York State Climate Office (NOAA and Cornell University)] * http://www.ers.usda.gov/statefacts/ny.htm New York State Fact Sheet] * http://www2.census.gov/census_2000/datasets/demographic_profile/New_York/2kh36.pdf 2000 Census of Population and Housing for New York], U.S. Census Bureau
Lake Ontario |Northeast Quebec |East Vermont
Massachusetts
Connecticut |Southeast Atlantic Ocean |South Pennsylvania / New Jersey |Southwest Lake Erie / Pennsylvania |West Ontario / Lake Erie |Northwest Ontario }} Category:New York Category:States of the United States Category:Former British colonies af:New York (deelstaat) als:New York (Bundesstaat) am:ኒው ዮርክ ang:Nīwe Eoforwic ar:نيويورك (ولاية) an:Nueva York (estato) arc:ܢܝܘ ܝܘܪܟ (ܐܬܪܘܬܐ ܡܚܝܕܐ ܕܐܡܪܝܟܐ) frp:New York (Ètat) ast:Nueva York (estáu) az:Nyu-York (ştat) bn:নিউ ইয়র্ক (অঙ্গরাজ্য) zh-min-nan:New York be:Штат Нью-Йорк be-x-old:Нью-Ёрк (штат) bcl:Nueva York (estado) bi:Niu York (Bundesstaat) bar:New York (Bundesstaat) bs:New York (država) br:New York (Stad) bg:Ню Йорк (щат) ca:Estat de Nova York cv:Çĕнĕ Йорк (штат) ceb:New York cs:New York (stát) cbk-zam:Nueva York cy:Efrog Newydd (talaith) da:New York (delstat) de:New York (Bundesstaat) nv:Nííyóó Hahoodzo et:New Yorgi osariik el:Νέα Υόρκη (πολιτεία) es:Nueva York (estado) eo:Nov-Jorkio eu:New York (estatua) fa:نیویورک (ایالت) fo:New York fr:État de New York ga:Nua-Eabhrac (stát) gv:York Noa (steat) gd:Eabhraig Nuadh (stàit) gl:Estado de Nova York hak:Néu-Yok xal:Шин Йорк ko:뉴욕 주 haw:Nuioka hi:न्यूयॉर्क hsb:New York (stat) hr:New York (savezna država) io:Nova-York (stato) ig:Nú Yọk bpy:নিউ ইয়র্ক id:New York ik:Tchiaq York os:Нью-Йорк (штат) is:New York-fylki it:New York (stato) he:ניו יורק (מדינה) jv:New York (negara bagéyan Amérika Sarékat) kn:ನ್ಯೂ ಯಾರ್ಕ್ ka:ნიუ-იორკი (შტატი) kw:Stat Evrek Nowydh sw:New York (jimbo) ht:Nou Yòk (eta) ku:New York lad:Nueva York (estado) la:Novum Eboracum lv:Ņujorka (štats) lt:Niujorko valstija lij:Neuvo York (stato) li:New York (staot) lmo:New York hu:New York (állam) mk:Њујорк (сојузна држава) ml:ന്യൂയോർക്ക് mi:New York mr:न्यूयॉर्क arz:ولاية نيويورك ms:New York nah:Yancuīc York nl:New York (staat) ja:ニューヨーク州 frr:New York no:New York (delstat) nn:Delstaten New York oc:Nòva York (estat) uz:Nyu York (shtat) pa:ਨਿਊਯਾਰਕ pnb:نیو یارک pap:New York pms:New York (stat federal) nds:New York (Bundsstaat) pl:Nowy Jork (stan) pt:Nova Iorque (estado) ro:New York (stat SUA) rm:New York (stadi) qu:New York suyu ru:Нью-Йорк (штат) sco:New York State stq:New York (Stoat) sq:New York scn:New York (statu) simple:New York sk:New York (štát USA) sl:New York (zvezna država) szl:Nowy Jork (sztat) sr:Њујорк (држава) sh:New York (država) fi:New York (osavaltio) sv:New York (delstat) tl:Bagong York ta:நியூ யோர்க் மாநிலம் th:รัฐนิวยอร์ก chr:ᏄᏲᎩ tr:New York (eyalet) uk:Нью-Йорк (штат) ug:Nyuyork Shitati vi:Tiểu bang New York vo:New York (tat) war:New York wuu:纽约州 yi:ניו יארק yo:Ipinle New York bat-smg:Niojuorks (valstėjė) zh:纽约州

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