The Adelphi Theatre is a 1500-seat West End theatre located on the Strand, London in the City of Westminster The present building is the fourth on the site. The theatre has specialised in comedy and musical theatre, and today it is a receiving house for a variety of productions, including many Musical theatre The theatre was listed building for historical preservation on 1 December 1987.http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid1&id428224 Adelphi Theatre - English Heritage Listing] access 3 Apr 07

History

19th century

It was founded in 1806 as the Sans Pareil ("Without Compare"), by merchant John Scott, and his daughter Jane Scott (theatre manager) (1770–1839). Jane was a British theatre manager, performer, and playwright. Together, they gathered a theatrical company and by 1809 the theatre was licensed for musical entertainments, pantomime and Comic opera#Italian comic opera She wrote more than fifty stage pieces in an array of genres: melodrama , pantomimes, farce , Comic opera historical dramas, and adaptations, as well as translations. Jane Scott retired to Surrey in 1819, marrying John Davies Middleton (1790–1867).http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/59171 Bratton, Jacky: Scott , Jane Margaret (bap. 1779, d. 1839)(Oxford Dictionary of National Biography) Ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. Oxford: OUP, (2004)] accessed 24 May 2007 [[Image:OldOakChest.jpg|thumb|left|Sketch of a scene from Jane Scotts 1816 play, The Old Oak Chest]]On 18 October 1819, the theatre reopened under its present name, which was adopted from the [[Adelphi, London|Adelphi Buildings]] opposite.[http://www.victorianweb.org/mt/theaters/pva234.html Victorian Web - Victorian Theatres] accessed 5 Mar 2007[http://www.etang.umontreal.ca/bwp1800/essays/eberlesinatra_whackham.html Editorial Note] by Michael Eberle-Sinatra. ritish Women Playwrights around 1800 (15 October 1998) In its early years, the theatre was known for [[melodrama]], called delphi Screamers. Many stories by [[Charles Dickens]] were also adapted for the stage here, including [[John Baldwin Buckstone]]s The Christening, a comic burletta, which opened on 13 October 1834, based on the story he Bloomsbury Christening. This is notable for being thought the first Dickens adaption performed. This was the first of many of Dickenss early works adapted for the stage of the Adelphi, including The Pickwick Papers as William Leman Rede s The Peregrinations of Pickwick or, Boz-i- a-na a three-act burletta first performed on 3 April 1837, Frederick Henry Yates s production of [[The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (play)|Nicholas Nickleby]] or, Doings at Do-The-Boys Hallin November and December 1838, and Edward Stirlings two-act burletta [[The Old Curiosity Shop]] or, One Hour from Humphreys Clock (November and December 1840, January 1841). The theatre itself, makes a cameo appearance in The Pickwick Paperslt;ref>The Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens (1836) Chapt. 31 The Adelphi came under the management of Madame Celeste and comedian Ben Webster, in 1844, and Buckstone was appointed its resident dramatist. Dramatisations of Dickens continued to be performed, including [[A Christmas Carol]] or, Past, Present, and Futureopening on 5 February; and Becketts The Chimes: A Goblin Story of Some Bells that rang an Old Year out and a New One In In 1848, [[The Haunted Man and the Ghost’s Bargain]]was performed. Image:1848 ILN The Haunted Man.jpg [[The Haunted Man and the Ghost’s Bargain]]at the Adelphi, in the Illustrated London News 30 December 1848]] The old theatre was demolished, and on 26 December 1858, The New Adelphiwas opened and was considered an improvement on the cramped circumstances of the original, which had been described as a "hasty conversion from a tavern hall, permanently kept in its provisional state". The new theatre could seat 1,500 people, with standing room for another 500. The interior was lighted by a Strouds Patent Sun Lamp, a brilliant array of gas mantles passed through a chandelier of cut-glass. In the mid-1800s, John Lawrence Toole established his comedic reputation at the Adelphi. Also in the mid-1800s, the Adelphi hosted a number of French operetta , including [[La belle Hélène]] In 1867, however, the Adelphi gave English comic opera a boost by hosting the first public performance of Arthur Sullivan s first opera, [[Cox and Box]] An actor who performed regularly at the Adelphi in the latter half of the nineteenth century, William Terriss was stabbed to death on 16 December 1897, as recorded on a plaque on the wall by the stage door. Outside a neighbouring pub, a sign says that the killer was one of the theatres stage hands, but Richard Archer Prince committed the murder. It has been said that Terriss ghost haunts the theatre. Terriss daughter was Ellaline Terriss a famous actress, and her husband, actor-manager Seymour Hicks managed the Adelphi for some years at the end of the 19th century.

20th century

Image:Cover of the Vocal Score of Seymour Hicks' The Earl and the Girl.jpg On 11 September 1901, the third theatre was opened as the Century Theatre although the name reverted in 1904. This theatre was built by Frank Kirk to the design of Ernest Runtz. George Edwardes the dean of London musical theatre, took over management of the theatre in 1908. In the early part of the 20th century, the Adelphi was home to a number of musical theatre the most successful of which included [[The Earl and the Girl]](1904), The Dairymaids(1907), [[The Quaker Girl]](1910), [[The Boy (musical)|The Boy]](1917), Clowns in Clover(1927), and [[Mr. Cinders]](1929). The present Adelphi opened on 3 December 1930, redesigned in the Art Deco style by Ernest Schaufelberg. It was named the Royal Adelphi Theatre and re-opened with the hit musical Ever Green by Lorenz Hart and Richard Rodgers based on the book Benn W. Levy. Noel Coward s [[Words and Music (musical)|Words and Music]]premièred at the theatre in 1932. The operetta Balalaika(a revised version of the [[The Gay Hussars]] played at the theatre in 1936, and in 1940 the theatres name again reverted to The Adelphi. The theatre continued to host comedy and musicals, including [[Bless The Bride]](1947), [[Maggie May (musical)|Maggie May]](1964), and [[A Little Night Music]](1975), as well as dramas (see below for a list beginning in 1979). A proposed redevelopment of Covent Garden by the Greater London Council in 1968 saw the theatre under threat, together with the nearby Vaudeville Theatre Garrick Theatre Lyceum Theatre, London and Duchess Theatre . An active campaign by Equity (trade union) the Musicians' Union (UK) and theatre owners under the auspices of the Save London Theatres Campaignled to the abandonment of the scheme.http://www.vaudevilletheatre.org.uk/ Vaudeville Theatre] accessed 28 Mar 2007 On 27 February 1982 the Adelphi hosted the final night of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company for a concert performance of songs from all thirteen Savoy Operas as well as [[Cox and Box]]and [[Thespis (opera)|Thespis]] In 1993, Andrew Lloyd Webber s Really Useful Group purchased the theatre and completely refurbished it prior to the opening of his adaptation of [[Sunset Boulevard (musical)|Sunset Boulevard]] The 1998 video of Lloyd Webbers musical [[Cats (musical)|Cats]]was filmed at the theatre.

21st century

In November 1997, the Adelphi became home to the London production of the popular American musical [[Chicago (musical)|Chicago]] which became the venues longest ever production during its eight-and-a-half years run, and which also made it the longest running American musical in West End history. In April 2006, Chicagotransferred to the Cambridge Theatre on Seven Dials where it continues to run. Michael Grandage s brand new production of Andrew Lloyd Webber s [[Evita (musical)|Evita]]replaced the show, beginning previews on 2 June 2006 before completing a twelve months run on 26 May 2007. Brian Wilson performed his album [[Pet Sounds]]for the last time in the UK at the Adelphi in November 2006. From 6 July 2007, the Adelphi was home to another Lloyd Webber revival, [[Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat]] The actor playing Joseph, Lee Mead, was cast by winning the BBC television show [[Any Dream Will Do (TV series)|Any Dream Will Do]] and starred alongside Preeya Kalidas and Dean Collinson. The 9 March 2010 saw the premiere of the latest Andrew Lloyd Webber musical [[Love Never Dies (musical)|Love Never Dies]] The theatre is currently owned and managed by the Adelphi Theatre Company Limited, a partnership between Andrew Lloyd Webbers Really Useful Group and Nederlander Organization The adjacent, numbers 409 and 410 Strand, were built in 1886-7 by the John Maria Gatti as the Adelphi Restaurant. The frontage remains essentially the same, but with plate glass windows, and, like the theatre, is a listed building http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid1&id428223 Adelphi Theatre Restaurant - English Heritage Listing] access 3 Apr 07

Recent and present productions

*[[My Fair Lady]](25 October 1979 - 31 October 1981) *The 1981-82 D'Oyly Carte Opera Company Season (11 November 1981 - 27 February 1982) *[[The American Dream Machine]](20 October 1982 - 1 December 1982) *[[Marilyn (musical)|Marilyn] (17 March 1983 - 30 July 1983) *Poppy (musical)|Poppy]] (12 November 1983 - 4 February 1984) *Lena Horne]] - The Lady and Her Music (6 August 1984 - 29 September 1984) *The Jungle Book]] (4 December 1984 - 12 January 1985) *Me and My Girl]] (12 February 1985 - 16 January 1993) *Sunset Boulevard (musical)|Sunset Boulevard]] (12 July 1993 - April 1997) *Damn Yankees]] (4 June 1997 - 9 August 1997) *Chicago (musical)|Chicago]] (19 November 1997 - 22 April 2006), starring (at different times) [[Ruthie Henshall]], [[Ute Lemper]], [[Jill Halfpenny]], [[Denise van Outen]], [[Brooke Shields]], [[Linzi Hateley]], [[Bonnie Langford]], [[Jennifer Ellison]], [[Josefina Gabrielle]], [[Nigel Planer]], [[Kevin Kennedy (actor)|Kevin Kennedy]], [[Clive Rowe]], [[David Hasselhoff]], [[John Barrowman]], [[Anita Dobson]], [[Alison Moyet]] and [[Gaby Roslin]] *Evita (musical)|Evita]] (20 June 2006 - 26 May 2007) by [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]] and [[Tim Rice]], starring [[Elena Roger]], [[Philip Quast]] and Matt Rawle *Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat]] (6 July 2007 - 30 May 2009) by [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]] and [[Tim Rice]], starring [[Lee Mead]], [[Gareth Gates]], Preeya Kalidas and Dean Collinson *Derren Brown]]: Enigma (15 June 2009 - 23 July 2009) *The Rat Pack: Live From Las Vegas]] (24 September 2009 - 2 January 2010) *Love Never Dies (musical)|Love Never Dies]] (9 March 2010-) ==Nearby Tube Stations== * [[Charing Cross tube station|Charing Cross]] * [[Embankment tube station|Embankment]] * [[Covent Garden tube station|Covent Garden]] * [[Temple tube station|Temple]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Bibliography== *[http://www.emich.edu/public/english/adelphi_calendar/acpmain.htm Nelson, Alfred and Cross, Gilbert. he Adelphi Theatre 1806-1900: A Calendar of Performances] * uide to British Theatres 1750-1950, John Earl and Michael Sell pp. 96–7 (Theatres Trust, 2000) ISBN 0-7136-5688-3 ==External links== *[http://www.reallyuseful.com/theatres/adelphi-theatre Adelphi Theatre] website *[http://www.emich.edu/public/english/adelphi_calendar/ The Adelphi Theatre 1806-1900: A Calendar of Performances], from an [[Eastern Michigan University]] website *[http://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk/Adelphi.htm Adelphi Theatre History] *[http://www.btinternet.com/~judyin.london/overmyshoulder/ever.htm Information about ver Green and the 1930 re-opening of the theatre] {{Theatres in London}} [[Category:1806 architecture]] [[Category:1930 architecture]] [[Category:Theatres in Westminster]] [[Category:Theatres associated with Gilbert and/or Sullivan]] [[Category:Grade II listed buildings in London]] [[Category:Art Deco buildings in London]] [[de:Adelphi Theatre (London)]] [[sv:Adelphi Theatre]]

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